Day 6

英文重现

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.

——GMAT OG 2015, Reading Comprehension, Passage 5

解析

1.句子开头的“Hoping to participate in…”是现在分词短语表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句，再如下面这个例子：Not knowing her address (=As we didn't know her address), we couldn't get in touch with her.（因为不知道她的地址，我们联系不到她。）

2.“only +不定式结构”常用来作句子的结果状语，表示随后发生的是一种出乎意料的或者令人失望的结果，翻译为“反而；却”。这里的“only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities”作句子的结果状语，“许多非裔美国人带着热情加入到了军队中”，结果却“受到许多羞辱”。

3.“find+宾语+宾补”意为“发现/觉得某人/某物……”，宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式等来充当，此处的“segregated from”和“subjected to”为过去分词，并列充当宾语“themselves”的补足语，宾语与其补足语之间是被动关系。

词义辨析

参考翻译

（因为）希望参与到美国传统的个人成功的民族精神中去，许多非裔美国人带着热情加入到了军队中，却发现自己与白人部队隔离开来，并受到许多侮辱。

实战演练

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills long standing expectations.

According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities.

(B) They expected to fulfill ideal personal attainment.

(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States.

(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.

(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey's political vision.

答案：B

答案解析

根据“many African American people joined the armed forces”的意思可定位到原文“Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities”，句子中“Hoping to…”是现在分词短语表示原因，指出了非裔美国人参军的原因，关键点是“individual success”（个人的

成功），选项中与此对应的只有选项B中的“personal attainment”（个人成就）。选项A

“想要逃避非裔美国人社区日渐衰退的经济状况”、选项C“表达他们对美国的忠心”、选项D“希望参军能够促进废除隔离制度的事业”（事实上文中说的是他们参军后还是深陷种族隔离）、选项E“他们将参军看作是实现Marcus Garvey的政治憧憬的机会”都不符合原文。