Data plane

This plane is referred to as the user plane or the forwarding plane. It is the part of the network through which the packets are sent and received. This takes care of packet flow. Policies created to affect user traffic are applied to this layer. The data plane is responsible for forwarding the traffic to the next hop using the information provided by the other planes:

It also takes care of other activities such as: 

  • Creation and maintenance of NAT table
  • Dynamic MAC address learning  
  • NetFlow data accountability
  • Logging ACLs 
  • Error signaling (ICMP)

In case a data plane fails, traffic may not be forwarded to the correct destination.